Emin Avundukluoglu
09 November 2021•Update: 09 May 2022
ANKARA
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is a leader whom the Turkish nation remembers with gratitude and respect, a Turkish opposition leader said on Tuesday, marking the 83rd anniversary of the demise of Ataturk, the leader of the country's war of independence and founder of the Republic of Turkey.
"Ghazi (honored veteran) Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is a leader whom citizens of every view, identity, and color in the Turkish nation commemorate with gratitude and respect," Meral Aksener said, speaking to her Good (IYI) Party's parliamentary group.
Describing Ataturk as the meeting point of Turkish nation, she said: "The nation still protects the values of Ataturk."
Ataturk was born in 1881 in the Greek city of Thessaloniki, then part of the Ottoman Empire. His military education started in 1893 when he was enrolled in a military school in Thessaloniki. Along with military skills, Ataturk also learned the French language.
He continued his education at the Military School of Istanbul and then graduated as a lieutenant in 1902. With his extraordinary skills, Ataturk quickly climbed the military ranks, becoming a staff captain in 1905.
The year 1911 marked a significant point in Ataturk's life as he fought the Italians in Tripoli and won a decisive victory, proving his skills in the military field.
He drew the attention of his subordinates with his outstanding services following the start of the Balkan Wars in 1912. As a major, he played a significant role in recapturing Dimetoka and Edirne provinces.
Success in battle of Canakkale
In 1914, when Ataturk was a military attache in Sophia, World War I started and the alliances deployed soldiers on the Gallipoli peninsula and the battle of Canakkale started.
In a letter to Acting Chief Commander Enver Pasha, Ataturk requested to be in the field, suspending his duty in Sophia.
Ataturk and Turkish soldiers made history by showing incredible resistance. Ataturk's order to his soldiers at the war still echoes in the hearts of all Turks: "I don't order you to attack, I order you to die!"
His star continued to shine during his services in northwestern Edirne province and southeastern Diyarbakir province in 1916, earning the title of major general the same year. He fought against the British army in Damascus in 1918, and led a successful resistance against it.
Path to independence
Following the occupation of Istanbul by the allies in 1919, Ataturk went to northern Samsun province as the inspector of the 9th army, completely changing both his life and, eventually, Turkey.
After proclaiming that the country's liberation from the occupant forces would only be possible through the will of the people, he organized two congresses -- in the cities of Sivas and Erzurum -- where the battle of independence and the country's future was discussed.
On April 23, 1920, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was established with Ataturk elected at the government's helm, as well as speaker of the parliament, enabling him to adopt laws essential to beat back occupant forces.
The battle of Turkish independence started on May 15, 1919, when the first bullet against the occupant Greek forces was fired by Hasan Tahsin, a Turkish journalist who was martyred shortly after his action.
The Turkish army, under the leadership of Ataturk, won incredible battles against the occupant forces -- including the first and second Battles of Inonu, Sakarya, and the Great Offensive -- until 1923 when the Lausanne Treaty was signed on July 24.
The incredible achievements on the battlefield led to Turkish independence and the Republic of Turkey was founded on Oct. 29, 1923.
Ataturk became the first president of the republic until Nov. 10, 1938, when he passed away in Istanbul at the age of 57 due to cirrhosis.
As a tradition, Turkish people visit his mausoleum in Ankara every Nov. 10 and pay their respects to Ataturk.
