BERLIN

Europe's military support for Ukraine declined sharply in recent months, raising concerns that the continent cannot offset the halt in US aid, according to a report released Tuesday by the Kiel Institute.

European countries allocated only €4.2 billion ($4.9 billion) in new military assistance to Ukraine through October 2025, far below what would be needed to compensate for missing American support, the institute's Ukraine Support Tracker found.

"Based on the data available through October, Europe has not been able to sustain the momentum of the first half of 2025," said Christoph Trebesch, head of the Ukraine Support Tracker. "The recent slowdown makes it difficult for Europe to fully offset the absence of US military aid in 2025."

At the current rate, total military aid allocations for 2025 may reach their lowest level since Russia-Ukraine war began in 2022. While annual allocations averaged roughly €41.6 billion ($48.4 billion) from 2022 to 2024, only €32.5 billion ($37.8 billion) has been allocated so far in 2025.

Among major European economies, France, Germany and the UK increased their military allocations substantially compared to 2022-2024. Germany nearly tripled its average monthly allocations, while France and the UK each more than doubled theirs.

However, these increases remained well below Nordic countries' support levels when measured relative to gross domestic product. Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden continued to lead European nations in proportional military assistance to Ukraine. Italy and Spain, meanwhile, contributed little.