SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN - OCTOBER 29: A view of the landmarks of the Samarkand, which is hosting the 43rd General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) this year on October 29, 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Samarkand is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks that reflect the rich heritage of Turkic-Islamic civilization. Among them are Registan Square, a masterpiece of Central Asian architecture; the Shah-i Zinda Complex, which includes the tomb of Qusam ibn Abbas and the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the resting place of Amir Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. The city also features the Ulugh Beg Observatory, built by the renowned mathematician and astronomer Sultan Mirza Ulugh Beg; the Bibi Khanum Madrasa, constructed in honor of Timur’s wife; and the Hazrat Khizr Mosque, one of the earliest mosques in Central Asia, dating back to 712. ( Bahtiyar Abdülkerimov - Anadolu Agency )

SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN - OCTOBER 29: A view of the landmarks of the Samarkand, which is hosting the 43rd General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) this year on October 29, 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Samarkand is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks that reflect the rich heritage of Turkic-Islamic civilization. Among them are Registan Square, a masterpiece of Central Asian architecture; the Shah-i Zinda Complex, which includes the tomb of Qusam ibn Abbas and the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the resting place of Amir Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. The city also features the Ulugh Beg Observatory, built by the renowned mathematician and astronomer Sultan Mirza Ulugh Beg; the Bibi Khanum Madrasa, constructed in honor of Timur’s wife; and the Hazrat Khizr Mosque, one of the earliest mosques in Central Asia, dating back to 712. ( Bahtiyar Abdülkerimov - Anadolu Agency )

SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN - OCTOBER 29: A view of the landmarks of the Samarkand, which is hosting the 43rd General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) this year on October 29, 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Samarkand is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks that reflect the rich heritage of Turkic-Islamic civilization. Among them are Registan Square, a masterpiece of Central Asian architecture; the Shah-i Zinda Complex, which includes the tomb of Qusam ibn Abbas and the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the resting place of Amir Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. The city also features the Ulugh Beg Observatory, built by the renowned mathematician and astronomer Sultan Mirza Ulugh Beg; the Bibi Khanum Madrasa, constructed in honor of Timur’s wife; and the Hazrat Khizr Mosque, one of the earliest mosques in Central Asia, dating back to 712. ( Bahtiyar Abdülkerimov - Anadolu Agency )

SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN - OCTOBER 29: A view of the landmarks of the Samarkand, which is hosting the 43rd General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) this year on October 29, 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Samarkand is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks that reflect the rich heritage of Turkic-Islamic civilization. Among them are Registan Square, a masterpiece of Central Asian architecture; the Shah-i Zinda Complex, which includes the tomb of Qusam ibn Abbas and the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the resting place of Amir Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. The city also features the Ulugh Beg Observatory, built by the renowned mathematician and astronomer Sultan Mirza Ulugh Beg; the Bibi Khanum Madrasa, constructed in honor of Timur’s wife; and the Hazrat Khizr Mosque, one of the earliest mosques in Central Asia, dating back to 712. ( Bahtiyar Abdülkerimov - Anadolu Agency )

SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN - OCTOBER 29: A view of the landmarks of the Samarkand, which is hosting the 43rd General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) this year on October 29, 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Samarkand is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks that reflect the rich heritage of Turkic-Islamic civilization. Among them are Registan Square, a masterpiece of Central Asian architecture; the Shah-i Zinda Complex, which includes the tomb of Qusam ibn Abbas and the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the resting place of Amir Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. The city also features the Ulugh Beg Observatory, built by the renowned mathematician and astronomer Sultan Mirza Ulugh Beg; the Bibi Khanum Madrasa, constructed in honor of Timur’s wife; and the Hazrat Khizr Mosque, one of the earliest mosques in Central Asia, dating back to 712. ( Bahtiyar Abdülkerimov - Anadolu Agency )

SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN - OCTOBER 29: A view of the landmarks of the Samarkand, which is hosting the 43rd General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) this year on October 29, 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Samarkand is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks that reflect the rich heritage of Turkic-Islamic civilization. Among them are Registan Square, a masterpiece of Central Asian architecture; the Shah-i Zinda Complex, which includes the tomb of Qusam ibn Abbas and the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the resting place of Amir Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. The city also features the Ulugh Beg Observatory, built by the renowned mathematician and astronomer Sultan Mirza Ulugh Beg; the Bibi Khanum Madrasa, constructed in honor of Timur’s wife; and the Hazrat Khizr Mosque, one of the earliest mosques in Central Asia, dating back to 712. ( Bahtiyar Abdülkerimov - Anadolu Agency )

SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN - OCTOBER 29: A view of the landmarks of the Samarkand, which is hosting the 43rd General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) this year on October 29, 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Samarkand is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks that reflect the rich heritage of Turkic-Islamic civilization. Among them are Registan Square, a masterpiece of Central Asian architecture; the Shah-i Zinda Complex, which includes the tomb of Qusam ibn Abbas and the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the resting place of Amir Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. The city also features the Ulugh Beg Observatory, built by the renowned mathematician and astronomer Sultan Mirza Ulugh Beg; the Bibi Khanum Madrasa, constructed in honor of Timur’s wife; and the Hazrat Khizr Mosque, one of the earliest mosques in Central Asia, dating back to 712. ( Bahtiyar Abdülkerimov - Anadolu Agency )