By Faruk Zorlu 

ANKARA

Malaysia's Prime Minister-in-waiting Anwar Ibrahim with his political background has played a key role in the political history of Asia Pacific.

Anwar has been the main opponent of the ruling party, which has been in power since independence in 1957, after falling out with the government in the late 1990s.

Anwar was born into a comfortable middle class family on August 10, 1947 in the Penang region of the Malayan Union.

After enrolling at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, he started to shoulder responsibility of the leadership.

He became the president of National Union Of Malaysian Muslim Students and also the president of University of Malaya Malay Language Society in 1968.

In 1971, he founded the Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia and served as its president until 1982.

In the 1974, Anwar was jailed under the Internal Security Act after he participated in a student protest against rural poverty and hunger.

Between 1975 and 1982, he used to represent the entire Asia-Pacific region at the World Assembly of Muslim Youth.

Later on, Anwar stepped into the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), which was a major political party in the National Alliance in 1982, led by then Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad.

Anwar served as the minister of culture, youth and sports in 1983 and as the agriculture minister in 1984.

Between 1986 and 1991, he held the Ministry of Education and later he was appointed as the finance minister in 1991.

Despite becoming Mahathir's Deputy Prime Minister in 1993, Anwar’s relationship with the prime minister began to deteriorate.

The 1990s saw Anwar's political downfall as he was charged with corruption.

Prison to parliament

In 1998, Anwar, the then ambitious deputy prime minister, was accused of several charges and sacked by Mahathir. He was later handed a jail term over some of the charges.

He spent six years in prison, before the Supreme Court overturned the conviction in 2004 and released him.

After his release, Anwar held a series of teaching positions at the University of Oxford, Johns Hopkins University, and Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.

After his ban from public office expired in 1998, he focused on his political career.

During 2013 general election, he was the leader of the opposition coalition -- People’s Alliance coalition (People's Pact) -- composed of three political parties.

The Anwar-led People's Pact won 50.87 percent of the popular vote, but failed to form a federal government as it failed to accomplish a majority in parliament.

In 2015, Anwar, 70, was sentenced to five years behind bars. After receiving a full pardon by the Malaysian king, he was released from prison in May 2018.

Just six months after the king’s pardon freed him from jail, a former Malaysian deputy prime minister, 71, returned to parliament by winning a by-election in Sep. 2018.

The ruling party has been in power since independence in 1957 but in the 2013 general election it won fewer votes than the People’s Alliance. It still managed to cling to power under Malaysian electoral rules.

Anwar said he would support Mahathir's parliamentary reforms.

Mahathir, 93, who has reportedly pledged to step down as premier within two years, also said he was pleased to see Anwar’s return.