Ethiopia: Overfishing threatens aquaculture

By Addis Getachew

ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia

Very early in the morning, along the banks of Lake Hawassa in southern Ethiopia, pelicans swarm an enclosed area with their uniquely majestic poise, some hovering low, others walking beside pedestrians as if they have a common purpose: fish.

Young men holding small curved knives are everywhere, asking visitors if they want to have a taste of raw fish.

Numerous people flock to the area to start their busy days with fish served raw; they are addicts of the delicacy and they go straight to the fish-dissecting boys whom they know by name.

They gorge themselves on pieces of raw fish meat, dipping each slice in a hot chilly sauce called Koch-Kocha.

The pelicans, adept fishers, pick up the fish whole and swallow more than what their stomachs can carry, preserving the surplus in their pink throat bags.

Tourists flock to the lake to relax in a humid but soothing atmosphere.

“This is the only lake in the whole country where the fishes can be eaten raw; the meat is worm-free and tasty unlike those in other places,” says Dawit Abreham, chairman of the Hawassa Lake Fishers’ Association.

5,000 illegal nets

Overfishing at one of Ethiopia’s biggest lakes, Hawassa Lake, is threatening the future of aquaculture in a landlocked country that depends on its abundant number of lakes and rivers for fish.

According to Dawit Abreham, overfishing and silt constituted the main reasons for dwindling amounts of fish in Hawassa Lake located 170 kilometers (nearly 106 miles) south of the capital Addis Ababa.

“My association has the legal permit to cast 750 nets across the lake to fish,” he said. “But there are about 5,000 illegal nets being cast on the lake.”

“Another reason for the dwindling fish resource is the fact that the lake is increasingly losing its depth.”

“Several decades ago, the depth of the lake went as far deep as 20 meters, which now got reduced to 14 meters due to silting,” he said.

He lamented that the relevant south Ethiopian authorities were not doing enough to prevent illegal fishing which threatens the future of the lake.

“Not long ago the lake used to give 10,000 fish -- Tilapia and catfish are two kinds found in the lake -- but nowadays the daily catch does not exceed 3,000,” he said.

However financial gains have not been impacted because the price of fish has increased, according to Abreham who says more than 10,000 people benefit directly or indirectly from the fish resources in the lake.

Landlocked but rich in aquaculture

According to available studies, there are 180 different species of fish in Ethiopia and 30 of those are endemic to the country.

The total area of the lakes and reservoirs stands at about 7,000 to 8,000 square kilometers (2,700 to nearly 3,100 square miles) and the important rivers stretch over 7,000 km (4,350 miles) in the country.

Fishing contributes only very moderately to the country’s GDP despite the fact that fish production potential is estimated at an exorbitant 51,000 tons.

Ethiopia as part of its second phase of the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II) envisage drastically increasing its fishery resources by using the reservoir of the $5billion worth Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Nile for fishing development.