The author is a journalist, he writes analyses on Turkish foreign policy.
ISTANBUL
Focusing on Russia again, just like in the first Cold War, NATO has returned to its default settings. As of 2021, it has turned toward expanding its sphere of activity to cover the immediate vicinity of the People's Republic of China. Russia's war against Ukraine brought new expansion plans for the alliance to the forefront. The NATO membership of Sweden and Finland was brought to the fore at the peak of the conflict during the Russia-Ukraine war, when the possibility of a Russian nuclear attack was on the table.
While the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) did not confirm the possibility of a Russian nuclear attack, the White House insisted that the threat was real. Given the current state of the war, the possibility of Russia launching a nuclear attack is questionable, and it is clear that Russia's military capability is not sufficient to launch an offensive in the direction of the Scandinavian Peninsula, the Baltic states or Poland, meaning that it cannot pose a threat.
However, the NATO, and in particular the US, is determined to bring Sweden and Finland into the alliance in the face of a threat that does not appear to be very realistic. This expansion is more likely to be targeted at geopolitical initiatives of the near future rather than the current threat from Russia. A military organization that could extend its influence over the entire Scandinavian Peninsula would certainly have an easier and more effective control of the Northern Sea trade route, the resources of the Arctic Circle and the Baltic Sea.
From Madrid Summit to today, Sweden beats a dead horse
The 2022 NATO Summit in Madrid initiated the process for the membership of both countries, which was the target of Türkiye's justified objections. For many years, Finland and Sweden had become a safe haven and a financial source for various terrorist organizations operating against Türkiye. Based on the principle of equal alliance, Türkiye demanded effective steps from Sweden and Finland against Fetullah Terrorist Organization (FETO) and PKK/PYD/YPG terrorist organizations.
Sweden has dragged its feet in taking tangible steps despite the change of government in this period. Although the new anti-terrorism law came into force on June 1, 2023; by the July 7 none of the terrorists that Türkiye had requested to be extradited had been handed over and there had been no decisive punitive action against the terrorist organization's street activities.
On the contrary, the Swedish government gave the green light to incidents that would provoke Türkiye by allowing the burning of the Muslim holy book Quran under the pretext of freedom of expression. This inevitably brings the following question to mind. Perhaps it is not terrorist organizations or Russia, but some elements within the Swedish political and security establishment that do not want Sweden to join NATO. Are these elements, who are likely to be far-right extremists, trying to shift the blame for Sweden's failure to become a member of NATO onto Ankara by enabling actions to provoke Türkiye?
All quiet on the Swedish front
On July 6, following the fifth Türkiye-Finland-Sweden Permanent Joint Mechanism Meeting held at NATO headquarters in Brussels, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan gave an assessment of the problems regarding Sweden under three main points; the fact that Sweden has still not taken any tangible steps in the fight against terrorism, that Sweden, which wants to join NATO, continues to impose a defense industry embargo on a prospective ally, and that attacks on religious values are not prevented on the pretext of freedom of expression.
When we take a closer look at the last item in particular, namely the actions aimed at provoking Muslim countries, especially Türkiye, by burning the Quran, the suspicion that there are groups within the Swedish political and bureaucratic establishment working against their country's membership of NATO becomes stronger.
The first of these actions was carried out on Jan. 21, 2023 in front of the Turkish Embassy in Stockholm, by Rasmus Paludan, a highly suspicious person with a highly suspicious past. While Paludan, who spread Islamophobia with his political identity, was even banned from entering Sweden in August 2020, he was unexpectedly granted Swedish citizenship in October of the same year due to his father's citizenship. In 2021, Paludan was accused of sexual harassment of minors, and from April 2022 onwards he took to the limelight with actions that provoked the Islamic community in Sweden. In March 2023, his attempt to enter the UK for the burning of the Quran was prevented.
The second action was carried out in front of the Stockholm Mosque on June 28, 2023, on the first day of Eid al-Adha, just days before the NATO Summit. The person who set fire to the Quran was as unusual and suspicious a character as Paludan.
According to a statement he gave to the CNN International television, Salwan Sabah Matti Momika, a 37-year-old man of Iraqi origin, had come to Sweden five years ago and obtained citizenship. He identified himself as an atheist. However, the Arab social media figures who pursued the issue found interesting information about him. Momika was an Iraqi Christian from Mosul and, before coming to Sweden, had been a member of the "Spirit of Jesus Brigades", a militia linked to the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. It is claimed that Momika, who later approached the PKK terrorist organization's affiliates in Sinjar, also joined another militia group, called the Chaldean Eagles, in 2017 [1]. Momika's involvement in volunteer work for an anti-immigrant far-right organization after his arrival in Sweden raises yet another question about his past.
Suspicions surrounding the assassination of Olof Palme
The roles played by actors such as Paludan and Momika also raise questions regarding the assassination of Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme in 1986. Palme was alleged to have prevented the sale of a Swedish-made missile system requested by Iran, and for this reason he was allegedly killed by a member of the PKK terrorist organization following a meeting between the Iranian Revolutionary Guards and the PKK in Syria. The Swedish state was unable to solve this murder. The investigation process was even pushed into a dead end with the dismissal of police officials who had been investigating the PKK connection.
One of those who tried to shed light on the assassination of Olof Palme was Stieg Larsson, a leading Swedish investigative journalist and internationally renowned novelist. Larsson, who died in 2004 at the age of 50 due to a heart attack, dealt with the relationship between the far-right elements in Sweden and the state, police, armed forces and intelligence services. His trilogy of novels – The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo, The Girl Who Played With Fire and The Girl Who Kicked The Hornets Nest – were published posthumously.
The trilogy, in which the connections of the Swedish far-right within the state are exposed, was also brought to the big screen in two different adaptations. If Larsson, who showed that the "Scandinavian Dream" was not as innocent as it seemed from the outside, were alive today, it would be possible to find more revealing information about the figures such as Paludan and Momika who emerged during Sweden's NATO accession process.
Will Sweden change after joining NATO?
There is reason to believe that the Swedish state, using the controversial issues between the US and Türkiye, is trying to keep itself away from the NATO membership, which it does not want, by provoking Türkiye with a strategy of controlled tension.
It should also be noted that Sweden's habit of protecting and sponsoring anti-Türkiye terrorist organizations goes back long before FETO, PKK/PYD/YPG terrorist organizations. Retired Ambassador Mufit Ozdes, in his autobiographical work Harici Bir Hariciyecinin Not Defteri (Notes of a Foreign Foreign Ministry Offical), provides an example of this, when he served as Charge d'Affaires at the Turkish Embassy in Stockholm in 1979. Ozdes shares in his book the details of how the incident was covered up by both the police and the press after a person was caught financing the ASALA terrorist organization. At the time of this incident, ASALA and JCAG terrorist groups were carrying out their deadliest attacks against Turkish diplomats and their families in Europe. One thing to remember about Sweden is that it is the source of the baseless allegations against Türkiye regarding the so-called "Assyrian genocide."
The fact that the US and Germany vouch for a country that has been the flag-bearer of all anti-Türkiye actions and policies in Europe for at least more than 50 years is a topic for another article. It is likely that even if Türkiye approves Sweden's NATO membership at the Vilnius Summit, it is unlikely that the far-right elements in this country will stop their provocations against Türkiye or their habit of using terrorist organizations as pawns.
[1] https://www.arabnews.com/node/2333646/world
* Opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Anadolu.
