LONDON

The celebrations of the Platinum Jubilee, the 70th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II ascending the British throne, continued on Friday.

A Thanksgiving Service held at London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral saw members of the royal family, but the queen bowed out due to some “discomfort” she had during yesterday’s celebrations.

Prince Charles represented his 96-year-old mother, who has recently had mobility issues and cancelled a few appearances.

The service saw the attendance of Prince Harry and wife Meghan Markle, who left active royal duties in recent years and moved to the US, along with Prime Minister Boris Johnson as well as many other active and retired politicians.

The celebrations kicked off yesterday with a birthday parade followed by a royal gun salute and traditional balcony appearance by the queen.

The jubilee celebrations also saw 3,500 beacons lit last night in the UK and British Commonwealth countries to mark the jubilee. The queen personally lit the prime beacon in a special ceremony at Windsor Castle.

The celebrations will continue throughout the weekend in London, across the UK, and Commonwealth countries.

A long and distinguished reign

Born April 21, 1926, Queen Elizabeth II ascended to the throne upon the death of her father, King George VI, on Feb. 6, 1952.

In 2015, she became the longest-serving British monarch ever, breaking the record of Queen Victoria, who sat on the throne for 63 years and seven months.

Elizabeth is the first-ever British monarch to see the platinum jubilee, which means 70 years on the throne.

She is the only female royal family member to have entered the armed forces.

Elizabeth II is the world's best-traveled head of state, having visited more than 110 countries but she never used a passport as she does not have one. She is also the only person in the UK who is allowed behind the wheel of a car without a driver’s license.

Her first official visit was to then-West Germany in 1965, also the first German visit by a British royal since before the outbreak of World War I.

Elizabeth has twice visited Türkiye: in 1971, making stops in the capital Ankara plus Izmir, Istanbul, and historical Ephesus and Gallipoli, and a briefer visit in 2008, which also included the northwestern city of Bursa.

Nuptials and controversy

On Oct. 21, 1966, an avalanche of mud and water from a coal mine killed 116 children and 28 adults in the village Aberfan, South Wales. A week later the queen visited the site but did face criticism as some thought she should have gone sooner.

On July 29, 1981, an estimated 750 million people in 74 countries tuned in to watch her son Prince Charles marry Lady Diana Spencer at St. Paul’s Cathedral.

In 1986, Elizabeth became the first British monarch to visit the Chinese mainland.

The queen and royal family also faced public criticism after Princess Diana’s death in a Paris car crash in 1997. Elizabeth refused to allow the flag to fly at half-mast over Buckingham Palace or address the grieving nation over the much-loved princess. But she soon revised her stance on the flag, greeted crowds of mourners, and delivered a rare televised address.

Some international developments of great importance during the queen’s reign include the 1956 Suez crisis, 1962 Cuban missile crisis, 1967 Six-Day War (Arab-Israeli War), 1969 moon landing, 1979 Iranian Revolution, 1989 Fall of the Berlin wall, 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union, 1992 Maastricht Treaty (EU Treaty), 1994 Rwandan genocide, 1994 Nelson Mandela elected South Africa’s president, 2001 9/11 attacks, 2016 Brexit vote, and 2020 coronavirus pandemic.

When Elizabeth II took the throne in 1952, the leader of the USSR was Joseph Stalin, and the US president was Harry S Truman.

The UK saw 14 prime ministers under Elizabeth’s long reign, from the stately but controversial Winston Churchill to currently embattled Boris Johnson.

The 96-year-old monarch remains the head of state of 15 countries in the British Commonwealth, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands, St. Kitts and Nevis, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines and the non-Commonwealth states of Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, Bermuda, and the Cayman Islands.