The government on Wednesday designated the Brotherhood a "terrorist group", one day after a deadly bombing at a security headquarters in the Nile Delta city of Mansoura, which killed 16 people, mostly policemen.
"The decision violates all democratic principles and is against the revolution goals," lawyer Hamed Sediq says in his lawsuit.
He described the designation as an "administrative decision that lacked evidence".
The lawsuit is the first to be filed against the move by the military-backed authorities to label the decades-old Brotherhood as a "terrorist" group.
By Ahmed Hassan Amer